From: Fabien Potencier Date: Fri, 27 Apr 2012 15:35:26 +0000 (+0200) Subject: refactored the hacking twig doc chapter X-Git-Url: http://git.silmor.de/gitweb/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=50c511849f9f1030f8c2c990d4a862ef8fa8c192;p=web%2Fkonrad%2Ftwig.git refactored the hacking twig doc chapter --- diff --git a/doc/hacking.rst b/doc/hacking.rst index 0a82b6c..79a3c8d 100644 --- a/doc/hacking.rst +++ b/doc/hacking.rst @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -Hacking Twig -============ +Twig Internals +============== Twig is very extensible and you can easily hack it. Keep in mind that you should probably try to create an extension before hacking the core, as most @@ -26,20 +26,20 @@ The rendering of a Twig template can be summarized into four key steps: The Lexer --------- -The Twig lexer goal is to tokenize a source code into a token stream (each -token is of class ``Token``, and the stream is an instance of -``Twig_TokenStream``). The default lexer recognizes nine different token types: - -* ``Twig_Token::TEXT_TYPE`` -* ``Twig_Token::BLOCK_START_TYPE`` -* ``Twig_Token::VAR_START_TYPE`` -* ``Twig_Token::BLOCK_END_TYPE`` -* ``Twig_Token::VAR_END_TYPE`` -* ``Twig_Token::NAME_TYPE`` -* ``Twig_Token::NUMBER_TYPE`` -* ``Twig_Token::STRING_TYPE`` -* ``Twig_Token::OPERATOR_TYPE`` -* ``Twig_Token::EOF_TYPE`` +The lexer tokenizes a template source code into a token stream (each token is +an instance of ``Twig_Token``, and the stream is an instance of +``Twig_TokenStream``). The default lexer recognizes 13 different token types: + +* ``Twig_Token::BLOCK_START_TYPE``, ``Twig_Token::BLOCK_END_TYPE``: Delimiters for blocks (``{% %}``) +* ``Twig_Token::VAR_START_TYPE``, ``Twig_Token::VAR_END_TYPE``: Delimiters for variables (``{{ }}``) +* ``Twig_Token::TEXT_TYPE``: A text outside an expression; +* ``Twig_Token::NAME_TYPE``: A name in an expression; +* ``Twig_Token::NUMBER_TYPE``: A number in an expression; +* ``Twig_Token::STRING_TYPE``: A string in an expression; +* ``Twig_Token::OPERATOR_TYPE``: An operator; +* ``Twig_Token::PUNCTUATION_TYPE``: A punctuation sign; +* ``Twig_Token::INTERPOLATION_START_TYPE``, ``Twig_Token::INTERPOLATION_END_TYPE`` (as of Twig 1.5): Delimiters for string interpolation; +* ``Twig_Token::EOF_TYPE``: Ends of template. You can manually convert a source code into a token stream by calling the ``tokenize()`` of an environment:: @@ -61,32 +61,19 @@ Here is the output for the ``Hello {{ name }}`` template: VAR_END_TYPE() EOF_TYPE() -You can change the default lexer use by Twig (``Twig_Lexer``) by calling the -``setLexer()`` method:: +.. note:: - $twig->setLexer($lexer); + You can change the default lexer use by Twig (``Twig_Lexer``) by calling + the ``setLexer()`` method:: -Lexer classes must implement the ``Twig_LexerInterface``:: - - interface Twig_LexerInterface - { - /** - * Tokenizes a source code. - * - * @param string $code The source code - * @param string $filename A unique identifier for the source code - * - * @return Twig_TokenStream A token stream instance - */ - function tokenize($code, $filename = 'n/a'); - } + $twig->setLexer($lexer); The Parser ---------- The parser converts the token stream into an AST (Abstract Syntax Tree), or a -node tree (of class ``Twig_Node_Module``). The core extension defines the -basic nodes like: ``for``, ``if``, ... and the expression nodes. +node tree (an instance of ``Twig_Node_Module``). The core extension defines +the basic nodes like: ``for``, ``if``, ... and the expression nodes. You can manually convert a token stream into a node tree by calling the ``parse()`` method of an environment:: @@ -108,32 +95,18 @@ Here is the output for the ``Hello {{ name }}`` template: ) ) -The default parser (``Twig_TokenParser``) can be also changed by calling the -``setParser()`` method:: +.. note:: - $twig->setParser($parser); + The default parser (``Twig_TokenParser``) can be also changed by calling the + ``setParser()`` method:: -All Twig parsers must implement the ``Twig_ParserInterface``:: - - interface Twig_ParserInterface - { - /** - * Converts a token stream to a node tree. - * - * @param Twig_TokenStream $stream A token stream instance - * - * @return Twig_Node_Module A node tree - */ - function parser(Twig_TokenStream $code); - } + $twig->setParser($parser); The Compiler ------------ The last step is done by the compiler. It takes a node tree as an input and -generates PHP code usable for runtime execution of the templates. The default -compiler generates PHP classes to ease the implementation of the template -inheritance feature. +generates PHP code usable for runtime execution of the template. You can call the compiler by hand with the ``compile()`` method of an environment:: @@ -142,43 +115,26 @@ environment:: The ``compile()`` method returns the PHP source code representing the node. -The generated template for a ``Hello {{ name }}`` template reads as follows:: +The generated template for a ``Hello {{ name }}`` template reads as follows +(the actual output can differ depending on the version of Twig you are +using):: /* Hello {{ name }} */ class __TwigTemplate_1121b6f109fe93ebe8c6e22e3712bceb extends Twig_Template { - public function display($context) + protected function doDisplay(array $context, array $blocks = array()) { - $this->env->initRuntime(); - // line 1 echo "Hello "; - echo (isset($context['name']) ? $context['name'] : null); + echo twig_escape_filter($this->env, $this->getContext($context, "name"), "ndex", null, true); } - } -As for the lexer and the parser, the default compiler (``Twig_Compiler``) can -be changed by calling the ``setCompiler()`` method:: + // some more code + } - $twig->setCompiler($compiler); +.. note:: -All Twig compilers must implement the ``Twig_CompilerInterface``:: + As for the lexer and the parser, the default compiler (``Twig_Compiler``) can + be changed by calling the ``setCompiler()`` method:: - interface Twig_CompilerInterface - { - /** - * Compiles a node. - * - * @param Twig_Node $node The node to compile - * - * @return Twig_Compiler The current compiler instance - */ - function compile(Twig_Node $node); - - /** - * Gets the current PHP code after compilation. - * - * @return string The PHP code - */ - function getSource(); - } + $twig->setCompiler($compiler);