Anatomy of an Extension
-----------------------
-An extension is a class that implements the `Twig_ExtensionInterface`:
+An extension is a class that implements the following interface:
[php]
interface Twig_ExtensionInterface
public function getName();
}
-Instead of you implementing the whole interface, your extension class can
-inherit from the `Twig_Extension` class, which provides empty implementations
-of all the above methods to keep your extension clean.
+To keep your extension class clean and lean, it can inherit from the built-in
+`Twig_Extension` class instead of you implementing the whole interface. That
+way, you just need to implement the `getName()` method as the
+`Twig_Extension` provides empty implementations for all other methods.
-The `getName()` method must always be implemented to return a unique
-identifier for the extension. Here is the most basic extension you can create:
+The `getName()` method must return a unique identifier for your extension.
+
+Now, with this information in mind, let's create the most basic extension
+possible:
[php]
class Project_Twig_Extension extends Twig_Extension
}
}
->**TIP**
->The bundled extensions are great examples of how extensions work.
+>**NOTE**
+>Of course, this extension does nothing for now. We will add tags and filters
+>in the coming sections.
-Registering a custom extension is like registering any other extension:
+Twig does not care where you save your extension on the filesystem, as all
+extensions must be registered explicitly to be available in your templates.
+
+You can register an extension by using the `addExtension()` method on your
+main `Environment` object:
[php]
+ $twig = new Twig_Environment($loader);
$twig->addExtension(new Project_Twig_Extension());
+Of course, you need to first load the extension file by either using
+`require_once()` or by using an autoloader (see
+[`spl_autoload_register()`](http://www.php.net/spl_autoload_register)).
+
+>**TIP**
+>The bundled extensions are great examples of how extensions work.
+
Defining new Filters
--------------------
-The most common element you will want to add to Twig is filters. A filter is
-just a regular PHP function or method that takes the left side of the filter
-as first argument and the arguments passed to the filter as extra arguments.
-
>**CAUTION**
>This section describes the creation of new filters for Twig 0.9.5 and above.
-### Function Filters
+The most common element you will want to add to Twig is filters. A filter is
+just a regular PHP function or a method that takes the left side of the filter
+(before the pipe `|`) as first argument and the extra arguments passed to the
+filter (within parentheses `()`) as extra arguments.
-Let's create a filter, named `rot13`, which returns the
-[rot13](http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.str-rot13.php) transformation of
-a string:
+For instance, let's say you have the following code in a template:
[twig]
- {{ "Twig"|rot13 }}
+ {{ 'TWIG'|lower }}
- {# should displays Gjvt #}
+When compiling this template to PHP, Twig will first look for the PHP function
+associated with the `lower` filter. The `lower` filter is a built-in Twig
+filter, and it is simply mapped to the PHP `strtolower()` function. After
+compilation, the generated PHP code is roughly equivalent to:
+
+ [php]
+ <?php echo strtolower('TWIG') ?>
-A filter is defined as an object of class `Twig_Filter`.
+As you can see, the `'TWIG'` string is passed as a first argument to the
+PHP function.
+
+A filter can also take extra arguments like in the following example:
+
+ [twig]
+ {{ now|date('d/m/Y') }}
-The `Twig_Filter_Function` class can be used to define a filter implemented as
-a function:
+In this case, the extra arguments are passed to the function after the main
+argument, and the compiled code is equivalent to:
[php]
- $filter = new Twig_Filter_Function('str_rot13');
+ <?php echo twig_date_format_filter($now, 'd/m/Y') ?>
+
+### Function Filters
+
+Let's see how to create a new filter.
+
+In this section, we will create a `rot13` filter, which should return the
+[rot13](http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.str-rot13.php) transformation of
+a string. Here is an example of its usage and the expected output:
+
+ [twig]
+ {{ "Twig"|rot13 }}
-The first argument is the name of the function to call, here `str_rot13`, a
-native PHP function.
+ {# should displays Gjvt #}
-Registering the filter in an extension means implementing the `getFilters()`
-method:
+Adding a filter in an extension means overriding the `getFilters()` method.
+This method must return an array of filters to add to the Twig environment:
[php]
class Project_Twig_Extension extends Twig_Extension
}
}
-Parameters passed to the filter are available as extra arguments to the
-function call:
+As you can see in the above code, the `getFilters()` method returns an array
+where keys are the name of the filters (`rot13`) and the values the definition
+of the filter (`new Twig_Filter_Function('str_rot13')`).
+
+The definition of a filter is always an object. For this first example, we
+have defined a filter as an object of the `Twig_Filter_Function` class.
+
+The `Twig_Filter_Function` class is to be used when you need to define a
+filter implemented as a function. The first argument passed to the
+`Twig_Filter_Function` constructor is the name of the function to call, here
+`str_rot13`, a native PHP function.
+
+Let's say I now want to be able to add a prefix before the converted string:
[twig]
{{ "Twig"|rot13('prefix_') }}
--
+ {# should displays prefix_Gjvt #}
+
+As the PHP `str_rot13()` function does not support this requirement, let's
+create a new PHP function:
[php]
- function twig_compute_rot13($string, $prefix = '')
+ function project_compute_rot13($string, $prefix = '')
{
return $prefix.str_rot13($string);
}
+As you can see, the `prefix` argument of the filter is passed as an extra
+argument to the `project_compute_rot13()` function.
+
+>**NOTE**
+>This function can declared anywhere by it is a good idea to define it in the
+>same file as the extension class.
+
+The new extension code looks very similar to the previous one:
+
+ [php]
+ class Project_Twig_Extension extends Twig_Extension
+ {
+ public function getFilters()
+ {
+ return array(
+ 'rot13' => new Twig_Filter_Function('project_compute_rot13'),
+ );
+ }
+
+ public function getName()
+ {
+ return 'project';
+ }
+ }
+
### Class Method Filters
-The `Twig_Filter_Function` class can also be used to register static method as
-filters:
+Instead of creating a function to define a filter as we have done before, you
+can also create a static method in a class for better encapsulation.
+
+The `Twig_Filter_Function` class can also be used to register such static
+methods as filters:
[php]
class Project_Twig_Extension extends Twig_Extension
### Object Method Filters
-You can also register methods as filters by using the `Twig_Filter_Method`
-class:
+Defining static methods is one step towards better encapsulation, but defining
+filters as methods of your extension class is probably the best solution.
+
+This is possible by using `Twig_Filter_Method` instead of
+`Twig_Filter_Function` when defining a filter:
[php]
class Project_Twig_Extension extends Twig_Extension
}
}
+The first argument of the `Twig_Filter_Method` constructor is always `$this`,
+the current extension object. The second one is the name of the method to
+call.
+
Using methods for filters is a great way to package your filter without
polluting the global namespace. This also gives the developer more flexibility
at the cost of a small overhead.
projects / web/konrad/twig.git / commitdiff